Quantification of Fugitive Emissions for Proposed Chemical Plants
نویسندگان
چکیده
Occupational health concerns with the two-way relationship between work and health. Previously, occupational health and safety was treated as a single subject by industries. However, most often higher attention was paid on process safety rather than occupational health aspect. Unlike process safety that primarily deals with major and short-term events, occupational health concerns with continuous and minor events, which remain unnoticed most of the time. The underlying principles of occupational health is further complicated by the fact that upon exposures, it takes some time before the effects to appear. Many did and still do not realize that the impact of occupational health on chemical industries is just as denoting as process safety. Each year, more people die from diseases caused by work than are killed in industrial accidents. Various methods are available for assessing the risk of health hazards in workplaces. However, they are applicable only to operating plants. According to Trevor Kletz (1991), the father of inherent safety concept, inherent hazards of a process should be identified as early as possible; that is when the plant is still under the development phase. The main idea is to improve process safety by eliminating or reducing hazards rather than managing or controlling them. As the project progresses through the lifecycles, the opportunities are decreasing and costs for applying modifications are increasing. Later the ideology was extended to inherent occupational health (Hassim and Hurme, 2008a, b; Hassim and Edwards, 2006; Hassim et al., 2006).
منابع مشابه
DIAL Measurements of Fugitive Emissions from Natural Gas Plants and the Comparison with Emission Factor Estimates
Natural gas processing is a major industry in Alberta, Canada, and a significant source of fugitive emissions of both methane and volatile organic hydrocarbon (VOCs). This project investigated fugitive emissions at natural gas processing plants in Alberta using two complementary optical measurement methods. At five gas plants, the fugitive emissions of methane and hydrocarbons ethane and larger...
متن کاملIndustrial emissions of 1,3-butadiene.
Sources of industrial emissions of 1,3-butadiene are discussed both by process (production, consumers) and type (equipment leaks, point sources). Quantification of the emissions are presented, as reported by the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency in 1986. The reported emissions attributed to equipment leaks (also known as fugitive emissions) range from about 50 to 95% of the total, depending ...
متن کاملInherent occupational health assessment during preliminary design stage
Chemical process routes can already be assessed as early as in the development and design phases. Process screening should not look at economic and technical aspects only, but also the safety, health, and environmental performances. In this paper, a method called the Health Quotient Index (HQI) is presented for the preliminary process design phase. The HQI provides a simple approach to quantify...
متن کاملEnergy and Greenhouse Footprints of Wastewater Treatment Plants in South-east Queensland
In this study an inventory of operational data was collected from thirty-five wastewater treatment plants in South-East Queensland. Sufficient data was available to perform greenhouse gas calculations from first principles for thirty-three of the plants using a massbalance type approach. Potential fugitive emissions of nitrous oxide and methane were taken into account to the limit of current kn...
متن کامل